17. Within the combat, the us government promoted old-fashioned hairdos and developments for everybody their subjects; for females, brief, bowl-molded haircuts and you may loose, high-waisted monpe pants (commonly worn throughout the countryside) were recommended since the body gestures out of austerity, modesty and you will house top support to your full battle effort. To own an explanation and you may analysis off wartime shojo depictions for the shojo zasshi, get a hold of Imada Erika, 2007, pp. 57–83. To possess descriptions off wartime fashion and hairdos for adult people, select Wakakuwa, 2000 Wakakuwa, Midori . 2000 . Senso ga tsukuru joseizo: Dai niji sekai taisenka no Nihon josei doin no shikakuteki puropaganda, Tokyo : Chikuma gakugei bunko . [Google Pupil] and Atkins, 2005 Atkins, Jacqueline . 2005 . “ Lavishness is the challenger: Trend and you will materials into the wartime The japanese, within the Jacqueline Atkins ”. Inside the Using propaganda: Fabrics toward home front in The japanese, Britain, and the All of us, 1931–1945, 157 – 169 . The fresh Haven and you will London area : Yale College Push . [Google College student] .
18. Tanabe, ‘Shojo shosetsu ni muchu datta koro’, from Bara no kobeya yori, reprinted within the Honda, 1991 Honda, Masuko . 1991 . “ Senjika zero shojo zasshi, from inside the Otsuka Eiji ”. In Shojo zasshi ron, Tokyo : Tokyo shoseki . [Bing Student] , pp. 36–37.
19. Story out-of Younger Lawn, this new translated Japanese label out-of Louisa May Alcott’s Little Girls. The brand new title Wakakusa Monogatari is actually followed when the movie are revealed into the The japanese from inside the 1934; earlier published translations and you can changes out-of Alcott’s vintage were given additional headings.
20. Other forms regarding shojo recreation, specifically the newest Takarazuka Revue, may also have offered a model for the ideal man which have their style of this new danso zero reijin[breathtaking girl in the men clothes], the newest otokoyaku. Takarazuka not only cultivated a dedicated shojo fan base through the wartime and postwar many years, but try searched daily into the shojo zasshi, particularly Shojo no tomo. To possess a description and you may historic/anthropological studies of the Takarazuka Revue, pick Robertson, 1998 Robertson, Jennifer . 1998 . [Crossref] , [Yahoo Scholar] .
21. Dating back the newest 1910s, coaches and you may moral advocates considered movie theatres since the reproduction https://datingmentor.org/cs/kik-recenze good reasons for the new furyo, otherwise because the furyo’s hunting known reasons for the jogakusei sufferers. Particular girls’ colleges placed rigid conditions to the college students which wanted to sit in film theatres, otherwise blocked attendance downright. Come across Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko to jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Google Beginner] , pp. 142–44.
Note: because the postcard respondent (or the publisher) made use of a new spelling (Wakagusa unlike Wakakusa), the high quality spelling and you may pronunciation try Wakakusa
22. The newest romantic overtones regarding sharing a keen umbrella enjoys prewar and you may early wartime precedents. Come across Kawabata Yasunari’s short-story, ‘Amagasa’ (Umbrella) away from 1932, which has a beneficial romantically billed world away from a couple youngsters revealing an enthusiastic umbrella. My owing to The month of january Bardsley having citing which union.
23. Get a hold of ‘Civilizing “Degenerate” Students’, within the Ambaras, 2006 Ambaras, David . 2006 . Crappy childhood: Juvenile delinquency as well as the politics out of everyday life inside the modern Japan, Berkeley and Los angeles : School off Ca Press . [Bing College student] , pp. 66–96.
twenty-four. The fresh commission transform is short for rates regarding 1946–50 versus 1936–forty (Lunden, 1953 Lunden, Walter A beneficial. 1953 . Teenager delinquency inside Japan. Pre-war, war, and you can post-conflict many years . The fresh new Log of Criminal Legislation, Criminology, and you may Cops Science, 44(4): 428 – 432 . November-December [Crossref] , [Bing Beginner] , p. 430).
The sole exception toward sex-segregated program from post-number 1 training regarding Meiji several months on wartime months try the fresh coeducational Tokyo Musical College or university [Tokyo ongaku gakko]
eight. I evaluate these depictions in more detail regarding the wartime chapter inside my dissertation on shojo zasshi:‘All the Girl’s a level: Representations of Womanliness and you can Puberty inside the Japanese Girls’ Periodicals, 1930s-1960s’ (PhD Dissertation, Stanford College, 2008).
16. Find Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko so you’re able to jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Google Beginner] , p. 207.
